A Convex Optimization Approach for the Design of Supergain Electrically Small Antenna and Rectenna Arrays Comprising Parasitic Reactively Loaded Elements

A convex optimization formulation is provided for antenna arrays comprising reactively loaded parasitic elements. The objective function consists of maximizing the array gain, while constraints on admittance are in order to properly account reactive loads. Topologies with two and three electrically small dipole one fed element or elements, respectively, considered conditions obtaining supergain investigated. formulated as linear specific cases well more general, quadratic constraints, which require solution an equivalent relaxation formulation. design example superdirective rectenna where upper bound rectifier efficiency computed.